在MySQL管理软件中,可以通过SQL语句中的DML语言来实现数据的操作,包括
使用INSERT实现数据的插入
UPDATE实现数据的更新
使用DELETE实现数据的删除
使用SELECT查询数据以及。
插入数据insert 1. 插入完整数据(顺序插入) 语法一: INSERT INTO 表名(字段1,字段2,字段3…字段n) VALUES(值1,值2,值3…值n); 语法二: INSERT INTO 表名 VALUES (值1,值2,值3…值n); 2. 指定字段插入数据 语法: INSERT INTO 表名(字段1,字段2,字段3…) VALUES (值1,值2,值3…); 3. 插入多条记录 语法: INSERT INTO 表名 VALUES (值1,值2,值3…值n), (值1,值2,值3…值n), (值1,值2,值3…值n); 4. 插入查询结果 语法: INSERT INTO 表名(字段1,字段2,字段3…字段n) SELECT (字段1,字段2,字段3…字段n) FROM 表2 WHERE …; 更新数据update 语法: UPDATE 表名 SET 字段1=值1, 字段2=值2, WHERE CONDITION; 示例: UPDATE mysql.user SET password=password(‘123’) where user=’root’ and host=’localhost’; 删除数据delete 语法: DELETE FROM 表名 WHERE CONITION; 示例: DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE password=’’; 练习: 更新MySQL root用户密码为mysql123 删除除从本地登录的root用户以外的所有用户 查询数据 search 1.单表查询 关键字执行的优先级: from where group by select distinct having order by limit1.找到表:from
2.拿着where指定的约束条件,去文件/表中取出一条条记录
3.将取出的一条条记录进行分组group by,如果没有group by,则整体作为一组
4.执行select(去重)
5.将分组的结果进行having过滤
6.将结果按条件排序:order by
7.限制结果的显示条数
简单查询 #创建表 create table employee( id int not null unique auto_increment, emp_name varchar(20) not null, sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', #大部分是男的 age int(3) unsigned not null default 28, hire_date date not null, post varchar(50), post_comment varchar(100), salary double(15,2), office int, #一个部门一个屋子 depart_id int ); #查看表结构 mysql> desc employee; +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | emp_name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | | | age | int(3) unsigned | NO | | 28 | | | hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | | | post | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | post_comment | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | | salary | double(15,2) | YES | | NULL | | | office | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | depart_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ #插入记录 #三个部门:教学,销售,运营 insert into employee(emp_name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values ('egon','male',18,'20170301','办事处',7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部 ('anwen','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1), ('wudi','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1), ('yuanhao','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1), ('liwen','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1), ('jingliyang','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1), ('jinxin','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1), ('成龙','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1), ('歪歪','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门 ('丫丫','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2), ('丁丁','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2), ('星星','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2), ('格格','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2), ('张xx','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门 ('程咬金','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3), ('程咬银','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3), ('程咬铜','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3), ('程咬铁','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3) ; #ps:如果在windows系统中,插入中文字符,select的结果为空白,可以将所有字符编码统一设置成gbk 准备表和记录 #简单查询 SELECT id,emp_name,sex,age,hire_date,post,post_comment,salary,office,depart_id FROM employee; SELECT * FROM employee; SELECT emp_name,salary FROM employee; #避免重复DISTINCT SELECT DISTINCT post FROM employee; #通过四则运算查询 SELECT emp_name, salary*12 FROM employee; SELECT emp_name, salary*12 AS Annual_salary FROM employee; SELECT emp_name, salary*12 Annual_salary FROM employee; #定义显示格式 CONCAT() 函数用于连接字符串 SELECT CONCAT('姓名: ',emp_name,' 年薪: ', salary*12) AS Annual_salary FROM employee; CONCAT_WS() 第一个参数为分隔符 SELECT CONCAT_WS(':',emp_name,salary*12) AS Annual_salary FROM employee; 结合CASE语句: SELECT ( CASE WHEN emp_name = 'jingliyang' THEN emp_name WHEN emp_name = 'alex' THEN CONCAT(emp_name,'_BIGSB') ELSE concat(emp_name, 'SB') END ) as new_name FROM employee;